Fig. 1

Identification of lysine crotonylation by quantitative crotonylome analysis in response to irradiation. a Flowchart of the experimental strategy for mapping the crotonylated peptides and sites using quantitative liquid chromatography (LC)‒tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) proteomic analysis. MCF-7 cells were irradiated with 8 Gy γ-rays (IR) or were nonirradiated (NR), and the cell lysates were harvested for crotonylome analysis after 4 h of culture. b Representative crotonylated peptide motif sequences and conservation of the amino acid sequences flanking the Kcr sites. c The number of differentially crotonylated lysine sites and proteins in irradiated cells compared to NR cells. d The subcellular distributions of upregulated crotonylated proteins. e The subcellular distributions of downregulated crotonylated proteins. f Total Kcr sites of proteins involved in DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair in irradiated and NR cells identified by LC-MS/MS. g The differentially expressed Kcr sites of DNA DSB repair proteins in irradiated cells. h Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes functional enrichment of the differentially expressed Kcr proteins after irradiation. i LC‒MS/MS spectrum of XRCC5/Ku80 peptides containing crotonylated K568