Fig. 1 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 1

From: The immune system in cardiovascular diseases: from basic mechanisms to therapeutic implications

Fig. 1

Timeline of key milestones in the development of immunology and immuno-therapy in CVDs in cardiovascular diseases. IRI ischemia-reperfusion injury, HLA-DR Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DR, HLA-DQ Major Histocompatibility Complex, Class II, DQ, VSMCs vascular smooth muscle cells, TLOs tertiary lymphoid organs, CVDs cardiovascular diseases; CANTOS the Canakinumab Anti-inflammatory Thrombosis Outcome Study (CANTOS), CRP C-reactive protein, SSA serum amyloid A, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor-α, HF heart failure, COLCOT the Colchicine Cardiovascular Outcomes Trial, COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019, CIRT the Cardiovascular Inflammation Reduction Trial

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