Fig. 1

Overview of IND applications and approvals for innovative drugs in China from 2019 to 2023. a Number of innovative drug IND applications and approvals from 2019 to 2023, along with their respective growth rates. b Number and proportion of innovative drug varieties within the total drug varieties in IND applications of 2023. The groups are classified as: all drugs, chemical drugs, preventive biologics (vaccine), therapeutic biologics (TB), and TCM. c Number and proportion of innovative drug varieties within the total drug varieties in IND approvals of 2023. d Number of chemical drug, vaccine, TB and TCM among innovative drug IND applications from 2019 to 2023. e Number of chemical drug, vaccine, TB, and TCM among approved innovative drug INDs from 2019 to 2023. Data for this figure were derived from 2019 - 2023 Annual Drug Evaluation Reports published by CDE, NMPA.^{95,96,97,98,99}