Fig. 4

Clinical trials for new drug registration in China. a Number and growth rate of new drug clinical trials (NDCT) and bioequivalence (BE) trials in China from 2019 to 2023. b Proportion of Category 1 innovative drugs in NDCT in 2023 (left pie chart) and the proportion of chemical drugs, biological products, and TCM among Category 1 innovative drugs (right pie chart). c Time to initiate subject recruitment in NDCT from 2021 to 2023. d Time required for market approval for innovative drugs. The time to market is analyzed based on the date of the first clinical trial approval to the date of the market approval. The inner ring and outer ring of the combined ring chart represent the time to market of innovative drugs that approved for market release in 2022 and 2023, respectively. Data for this figure were derived from 2020 - 2023 Annual Report on the Progress of Clinical Trials for New Drug Registration in China published by CDE, NMPA.^{114,115,116,117}