Fig. 2 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 2

From: High fructose consumption aggravates inflammation by promoting effector T cell generation via inducing metabolic reprogramming

Fig. 2

High fructose consumption exacerbates inflammatory bowel disease by enhancing Th1 and Th17 cell-mediated immunity in two disease models. a–i The DSS-induced colitis model (n = 5). One of two independent experiments was showed. a Changes in body weight during the colitis induction. b The photograph of the colons. c H&E-stained colon sections. d The length of the colon. e The inflammation score of colitis (n = 10, pooled from two independent experiments). f–i Frequencies of Th1 (f, g), Tc1 (h), and Th17 (i) cells in indicated tissues. j–n The T cell transfer colitis model (n = 4). One of two independent experiments was showed. j Changes in body weight during colitis development. k H&E-stained colon sections. Frequencies of Th17 cells (l, m) and Th1 cells (n) in the colon, spleen, and MLN. Unpaired two-tailed Student’s t tests were used to calculate statistical significance. Data are presented as mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001

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