Table 1 FDA-approved drugs and clinical trials targeting CSCs
From: Cancer stem cells: landscape, challenges and emerging therapeutic innovations
Drug/Intervention | Target/Mechanism | Cancer Type | ClinicalTrial ID | Phase |
|---|---|---|---|---|
vismodegib | Hedgehog inhibitor | basal cell carcinoma | NCT02436408 | FDA-approved |
metformin | OXPHOS inhibitor | ovarian cancer | NCT01579812 | Phase II |
doxycycline | Mitochondrial biogenesis inhibitor | pancreatic cancer | NCT02775695 | Phase II |
defactinib | FAK inhibitor | non-small cell lung cancer | NCT01951690 | Phase II |
reparixin | CXCR1 inhibitor | triple-negative breast cancer | NCT02370238 | Phase II |
HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer | NCT02001974 | Phase I | ||
MK0752 | Gamma-secretase inhibitor (Notch) | advanced/metastatic breast cancer | NCT00645333 | Phase I/II |
IPI-926 | Hedgehog inhibitor | head and neck cancer | NCT01255800 | Phase I |
fursultiamine | ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporter inhibitor | esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | NCT02423811 | Phase II |
imetelstat | Telomerase inhibitor | non-small cell lung cancer | NCT01137968 | Phase II |
CSC vaccine | Cancer stem cell vaccine | nasopharyngeal cancer | NCT02115958 | Phase I/II |
hepatocellular carcinoma | NCT02089919 | Phase I/II | ||
lung cancer | NCT02084823 | Phase I/II | ||
ovarian cancer | NCT02178670 | Phase I/II | ||
colorectal cancer | NCT02176746 | Phase I/II | ||
pancreatic cancer | NCT02074046 | Phase I/II | ||
dendritic cell therapy | CSC-targeting immunotherapy | glioblastoma | NCT03548571 | Phase II/III |
CSC antigen-targeted vaccine | glioblastoma | NCT02010606 | Phase I | |
STEMVAC | CD105/Yb-1/SOX2/CDH3/MDM2-polyepitope DNA vaccine | triple-negative breast cancer | NCT05455658 | Phase II |
vismodegib + gemcitabine | Hedgehog inhibitor + chemotherapy | pancreatic cancer | NCT01195415 | Phase II |
ChemoID-guided Therapy | Chemotherapy guided by CSC | recurrent glioblastoma | NCT03632135 | Phase III |
bevacizumab | Anti-VEGF therapy with anti-CSC effects | breast cancer | NCT01190345 | Phase II |
temsirolimus + liposomal doxorubicin | mTOR inhibitor + chemotherapy | sarcoma | NCT00949325 | Phase I/II |
