Fig. 1

Microenvironment landscape of small cell lung cancer (SCLC). a Schematic representation of the transcriptomic study design, utilizing a total of 65 samples from 39 patients with SCLC for single-cell RNA sequencing. b Dot plot of selected marker genes in each cell lineage. Dot size and color indicate the fraction of expressing cells and normalized expression levels, respectively. c UMAP visualization of expression profile clusters for cancer and immune cells within the tumor microenvironment, identifying 7 major cell types (left panel) and 58 major subtypes (right panel). d Bar plots illustrating the distribution of the 7 major cell types in each sample, categorizing samples as tumor samples (pre- or posttherapy), adjacent normal tissues (pre- or posttherapy), peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and lymph nodes. e Comparison of the ratios of T/NK cell, Mφ/monocyte, and B cell in the tumor tissues of patients with NSCLC (Wu et al.²⁸ and Zhang et al.²⁹) and SCLCs (this cohort, Wang et al.) via scRNA-seq analysis. Data were obtained from the scRNA-seq datasets GSE148071²⁸ and GSE207422.²⁹ f Comparison of the relative enrichment of T cell, Macrophage/monocyte, and B cell in the bulk RNA-seq data of this cohort (Wang et al.), George et al.,² Zhang et al.¹²⁵ and Jiang et al.⁵ cohorts. The enrichment scores for T cells, macrophages/monocytes, and B cells were calculated via the Xcell algorithm. g Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLSs) in patients receiving neoadjuvant therapy. Images of three patients are shown, and patient characteristics are listed within the images. Pan-CK, pancytokeratin. h Quantification of TLSs in g. P value, Student’s t test. ***, P < 0.001