Fig. 2

Genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses identified molecules related to antipsychotic efficacy, with multi-omics enrichment highlighting glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid metabolism pathways, including PC and SM as key molecules. a LASSO regression identified proteins and metabolites associated with treatment efficacy. b ROC curve for cross-site validation of proteomic, metabolomic, and stacking models. c Decision curve analysis plot of the stacking model. d Differentially expressed proteins and metabolites between TR and NTR. e Manhattan and Q-Q plots of the GWAS, and RAB7A brain expression based on eQTL summary data. GWAS genome-wide association study, LASSO least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, NEG negative effect on treatment response, NTR non-responders, PC phosphatidylcholine, PC-O ether-linked phosphatidylcholine, PE phosphatidylethanolamine, POS positive effect on treatment response, SM sphingomyelin, TR treatment responders