Fig. 2

CD31⁺ cells are either endothelial or immune cells. a Bar graph depicting the counts per million of the endothelial marker genes VWF, CDH5, and CLDN5 in the CD31^high and CD31^low gene expression signatures. The data are presented as the means ± SDs, with each point representing a gene expression signature of an individual patient. b Bar graph depicting the percentage of endothelial (ECs) and immune (ICs) cells present within CD31⁺ populations isolated from vitrectomy cassettes in the CD31^high and CD31^low groups. The data are presented as the means ± SDs, with each point representing a gene expression signature. c The cell type proportions were estimated via CIBERSORT. Stacked bar chart depicting the estimated proportions of different immune cell types within the CD31^low populations (L1–L5; shown in Fig. 1e) isolated from the vitreous. The 14 immune cell types with the highest estimations are shown. Asterisks* denote patients who received preoperative anti-VEGF