Fig. 2
Antigenic cartography analysis of SARS-CoV-2 in vaccinated or vaccinated and breakthrough infected immune background. a Antigenic map of SARS-CoV-2 variants using plasma from vaccinated and/or breakthrough infected individuals. SARS-CoV-2 variants are depicted as circles, while plasma types are shown as squares. Each square represents an individual’s NT50 of the plasma, color-coded by the infecting variant. Both map axes represent antigenic distance; each grid square (1 antigenic unit) indicates a 2-fold change in neutralization titer. The proximity of points reflects antigenic similarity: closer points suggest higher cross-neutralization and greater antigenic likeness. Antigenic distance between WT and BA.1, BA.2 or BA.5 in the plasma of I-I-I (b), I-I-M (c), and M-M-M (d) vaccinated groups. Antigenic distance between WT and BA.1, BA.2, BA.5 or XBB.1.9.1 in the plasma of I-I-D (e), I-I-O (f) and M-M-O (g) vaccinated and subsequently breakthrough infected individuals with Delta and early Omicron subvariants. Antigenic distance between WT and BA.1, BA.2, BA.5, or XBB.1.9.1 in the plasma of I-I-I-B5 (h) and A-A-B5 (i) vaccinated and BA.5 breakthrough infected individuals
