Fig. 5 | Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy

Fig. 5

From: Dual epitope anti-LILRB4 synthetic T-cell receptor and antigen receptor (STAR)-T-cell therapy for relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia

Fig. 5The alternative text for this image may have been generated using AI.

Single-cell analysis revealed suppressed autologous T-cell function in nonresponder patients. a Flow cytometric analysis of the abundance of e-MDSCs and M-MDSCs in each sample before and after STAR-T-cell therapy. b UMAP visualization showing the distribution of 71,363 single cells. The expression levels of marker genes for each cell subset are shown. c Bar plots illustrating the relative proportions of each cell subset within individual samples. d Monocyte populations were further subdivided into five subsets, including M-MDSCs. ITGAM is also known as CD11b, and FUT4 is also known as CD15. e GSEA comparing ROS activity in M-MDSCs to that in other monocyte subsets. f Heatmaps showing the expression of LILRB4 across all cell subsets (left) and within monocyte subsets (right). g Violin plots depicting the intergroup differences in ROS activity and T-cell inhibitory capacity within the M-MDSC subset (***, p < 0.001). h Volcano plots displaying the top 10 DEGs in CD8⁺ T-cell subsets between the NR and CR groups before treatment (top) and after treatment (bottom). i Corresponding to panel H, GO and KEGG pathway enrichment analyses of differentially expressed genes. j Bubble plots illustrating incoming and outgoing signaling patterns among cell subsets in the NR (top) and CR (bottom) groups before treatment. k Dot plots showing differentially activated signaling pathways between the NR and CR groups before treatment

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