Table 3 Frequencies and range for local and general complication information (n = 84).

From: Pressure injury flap surgery in people with spinal cord injury/disorder: surgical and rehabilitation outcomes

Variable

Surgeries with complications (Valid %)

Prior to sitting

Frequency (Valid %)

After sitting

Frequency (Valid %)

Sum

Range

Clavien-Dindo Classificationa (n = 75)

 I

21 (28.0)

    

 II

36 (48.0)

    

 IIIa

4 (5.3)

    

 IIIb

12 (16.0)

    

 IVa

2 (2.7)

    

 V

0 (0)

    

 Missing = 9

     

Local complication events (n = 84)

69 (82.1)

78 (98.7)

1 (1.3)

79 (Missing = 5)

0–3

 0

15 (17.9)

    

 1

60 (71.4)

    

 2

8 (9.5)

    

 3

1 (1.2)

    

Local complication type (n = 84)

 Infection req. oral antibiotics

10 (11.9)

  

10

0–1

 Infection req. IVb antibiotics

29 (34.5)

  

29

0–1

 Sepsis

4 (4.8)

  

4

0–1

 Collection req. drainage

4 (4.8)

  

4

0–1

 Haematoma/seroma or bleeding

13 (15.5)

  

13

0–1

 Suture line dehiscence req. irrigation

40 (47.6)

  

41

0–2

 Suture line dehiscence not req. irrigation

19 (22.6)

  

19

0–1

 Partial flap necrosis

2 (2.4)

  

2

0–1

 Flap failure

1 (1.2)

  

1

0–1

 Other local complication

5 (6.0)

  

6

0–2

Total General complications (n = 84)

57 (67.9)

87 (57.6)

64 (42.4)

151

0–7

 0

27 (32.1)

    

 1

18 (21.4)

    

 2

13 (15.5)

    

 3

10 (11.9)

    

 ≥4

16 (19.0)

    

General complication type (n = 84)

 Pneumonia

6 (7.1)

6 (85.7)

1 (14.3)

7

0–2

 Other respiratory

6 (7.1)

3 (50.0)

3 (50.0)

6

0–1

 UTI/Urosepsis

35 (41.7)

27 (52.9)

24 (47.1)

51

0–5

 Hospital-acquired PIc

21 (25.0)

16 (48.5)

17 (51.5)

33

0–4

 Other skin issues

21 (25.0)

15 (65.2)

8 (34.8)

23

0–2

 Gastrointestinal

7 (8.3)

5 (71.4)

2 (28.6)

7

0–1

 Cardiovascular

5 (6.0)

1 (20.0)

4 (80.0)

5

0–1

 Other complicationsd

17 (20.2)

13 (65.0)

7 (35.0)

20

0–2

  1. aGrade I = Any deviation from the normal postoperative course without the need for pharmacological treatment or surgical, endoscopic and radiological interventions; Grade II = Requiring pharmacological treatment with drugs other than those allowed for grade I complications; Grade III = Requiring surgical, endoscopic or radiological intervention; Grade IIIa = Intervention not under general anaesthesia, IIIb = Intervention under general anaesthesia; Grade IV = Life-threatening complication requiring IC / ICU-management; IVa = single organ dysfunction, IVb = multiorgan dysfunction; Grade V = Death [19].
  2. bIV = Intravenous.
  3. cPressure injury.
  4. dOther complications included: acute kidney injury, reduced level of consciousness due to overdose, minimal trauma fracture, haematuria, post-operative anaemia etc.
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