Fig. 2

a Canonical analysis of principal coordinates (CAP) revealing a significant impact of farming systems on fungal community structure. b The overall network of root fungal communities across three farming systems. The overall network is arranged according to orders. White, red, and wavy lines represent positive, negative, and nonlinear relationships, respectively. Large diamond nodes indicate the keystone taxa in the network. Top ten nodes with the highest degree, highest closeness centrality, and lowest betweenness centrality were selected as the keystone taxa. Out of the ten keystone taxa in the overall network, seven belonged to mycorrhizal orders, Glomerales, Paraglomerales, and Diversisporales