Fig. 1

Phylogenetic reconstruction of archaeal genomes including MAGs from Helgoland. a The reconstruction of the maximum likelihood phylogeny used representative genomes of DPANN, TACK, Euryarchaeota, and Asgard groups and was based on a syntenic block of 15 conserved ribosomal archaeal genes (see methods). Colored squares represent recovered MAGs in this study. Main proposed genera names are displayed. Branch support values between 85–100% are represented by dots. b Phylogenetic reconstruction of MGII MAGs from Helgoland and others recovered from elsewhere around the world [11, 12]. Clades were collapsed according to genera previously reported [11]. Clades L1, M, O2, and O3 were not collapsed to highlight the phylogenetic relationship of Helgoland MAGs to other previously reported MGII MAGs