Fig. 8: Mucosal bacterial microbiome analyses based on high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

a Beta diversity assessed by nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMS) based on Bray–Curtis dissimilarities among the treatment groups. Shown are community structures in mice infected with C. albicans, in the presence or absence of added sucrose. Results represent bacterial community structure differences at the end of the experimental period (day 5). Communities clustered by type of treatment, indicating a significant effect of sucrose, which explained 52% of the variability (p < 0.02). b Relative abundance of bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequences corresponding to major mucosal genera in mice infected with C. albicans, in the presence or absence of added sucrose. c Relative abundance of endogenous Streptococcus, Enterococcus, and Lactobacillus in mice infected with C. albicans in the presence or absence of added sucrose, based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. *p < 0.05 for a t-test comparison of the two indicated groups.