Fig. 1: E. flavus 21–3 produces ZVS when cultured in medium supplemented with thiosulfate.

E. flavus 21–3 cultured in diluted 2216E without (a) or with 40 mM thiosulfate (b). b SEM observation of ZVS produced by E. flavus 21–3. c Energy dispersive spectrum analysis of the selected area in b. d Raman spectra of the ZVS produced by E. flavus 21–3 and standard S8.