Fig. 1: Experimental design for Symbiodiniaceae sampling for 16S rRNA gene metabarcoding.

Aliquots of 105 Symbiodiniaceae cells were transferred to 5 µm mesh size strainers and centrifuged to remove planktonic bacteria. To remove loosely associated bacteria (left), Symbiodiniaceae cells stuck on the strainer were washed with fRSS. Both successive filtrates, including planktonic bacteria, are referred to as ‘loosely associated bacteria’. Filters were recovered with sterile forceps, having kept Symbiodiniaceae cells and bacteria attached to the Symbiodiniaceae cell exterior and intracellular (closely associated). Another aliquot (right) was washed with sodium hypochlorite 6% to kill and remove extracellular bacteria, so that only intracellular bacteria remained in the sample. Three filters onto which no Symbiodiniaceae cells were deposited were sampled as negative controls.