Table 1 Characteristic of the ten most abundant rRFs/miRNAs expressed in Rhodotorula frigidialcoholis.

From: Novel Antarctic yeast adapts to cold by switching energy metabolism and increasing small RNA synthesis

rRF/miRNA ID

Size (nt)

Origin

Differential expression

Potential targets

Binding energy (kcal/mol)

rRF/miRNA1

30

rRNA

Not differentially expressed

ATPase GET3

−41.6

Metallo-dependent phosphatase

−38.8

Protein with homology to sperm nuclear basic protein PL-I isoform PLIb

−38.8

rRF/miRNA2

18

rRNA (28S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

Glutathione S-transferase

−34.7

Unknown protein

−34.4

Unknown protein with acetyl-CoA carboxylase/biotin carboxylase 1 domains

−32.7

rRF/miRNA3

28

rRNA (28S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

ATP-NAD kinase

−43.2

Unknown protein with RNA polymerase II degradation factor 1 domain

−41.2

Ribosome biogenesis protein ERB1

−40.9

rRF/miRNA4

29

rRNA

Overexpressed at 23 °C

ATPase GET3

−41.6

Protein with homology to sperm nuclear basic protein PL-I isoform PLIb

−39.3

Ribosome biogenesis protein ERB1

−36.9

rRF/miRNA5

18

rRNA (28S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7

−34.9

Mannosyl-oligosaccharide alpha-1,2-mannosidase

−34.5

RNA polymerase II degradation factor 1

−32.9

rRF/miRNA6

20

rRNA (28S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

RNA pol II promoter Fmp27 protein domain

−35.9

NAD + kinase

−35.8

RNA polymerase II degradation factor 1

−35.3

rRF/miRNA7

22

rRNA

Overexpressed at 0 °C

Staphylococcal nuclease domain-containing protein 1

−33.6

Unknown protein

−32.8

Glycogen synthase

−32.7

rRF/miRNA8

22

Unknown protein

Overexpressed at 0 °C

programmed cell death 6-interacting protein

−47.0

Kinase-like protein

−46.1

Gutaminyl-tRNA synthetase

−45.6

rRF/miRNA9

29

rRNA (25S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

Transcription factor IIIB 90 kDa subunit

−51.8

Unknown protein

−50.9

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol inositol-deacylase

−50.3

rRF/miRNA10

17

rRNA (28S)

Overexpressed at 0 °C

COP9 signalosome complex subunit 7

−30.5

26S proteasome regulatory complex component

−30.2

DHS-like NAD/FAD-binding domain-containing protein

−28.9

  1. Summary of the transcription origin, and differential expression of R. frigidialcoholis miRNAs. Putative genomic origin of the rRFs/miRNAs were predicted with BLAST [38] and their putative mRNA gene targets were predicted using the RNAhybrid computational method [40].