Fig. 1: Phylogenetic reconstruction of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) rooted on closely related non-AOA members of the “Thaumarchaeota”.

Black taxon labels correspond to AOA from cultures or enrichments. Gray taxon labels correspond to representative metagenome assembled genomes from release 05-RS95 of the genome taxonomy database [41]. AOA that were kinetically characterized in the current study are highlighted in gray and AOA that were previously characterized are indicated with an asterisk (*). The phylogeny was calculated with IQ-TREE under model LG + F + R6 using an alignment of 34 universal genes (43 markers) produced by CheckM [42]. Support values (UFboot) greater than 95% for bipartitions are shown with a black circle and support values between 80% and 95% are shown with a gray circle. Order designations reflect lineages proposed by Alves et al. [59]. The scale bar indicates amino acids changes per site.