Abstract
Disease in the marine environment is predicted to increase with anthropogenic stressors and already affects major habitat-formers, such as corals and seaweeds. Solutions to address this issue are urgently needed. The seaweed Delisea pulchra is prone to a bleaching disease, which is caused by opportunistic pathogens and involves bacterial dysbiosis. Bacteria that can inhibit these pathogens and/or counteract dysbiosis are therefore hypothesised to reduce disease. This study aimed to identify such disease-protective bacteria and investigate their protective action. One strain, Phaeobacter sp. BS52, isolated from healthy D. pulchra, was antagonistic towards bleaching pathogens and significantly increased the proportion of healthy individuals when applied before the pathogen challenge (pathogen-only vs. BS52 + pathogen: 41–80%), and to a level similar to the control. However, no significant negative correlations between the relative abundances of pathogens and BS52 on D. pulchra were detected. Instead, inoculation of BS52 mitigated pathogen-induced changes in the epibacterial community. These observations suggest that the protective activity of BS52 was due to its ability to prevent dysbiosis, rather than direct pathogen inhibition. This study demonstrates the feasibility of manipulating bacterial communities in seaweeds to reduce disease and that mitigation of dysbiosis can have positive health outcomes.
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Data availability
The sequence data has been submitted to the BioProject database under accession numbers PRJNA630012. Electronic supplementary information is available through: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14815191.
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Acknowledgements
The authors are particularly grateful to Dr. Jadranka Nappi, Dr. Derrick Cruz, Madelaine Langley, Sophie Powell, Sofietje Voerman and Giulia Ferretto for helping with field sampling. The authors thank Dr. Ben Maslen and Stats Central at UNSW for providing advice in statistics. LC-MS experiments were conducted by Dr. Russell Pickford at the Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility within the Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre of the University of New South Wales. Jiasui Li acknowledges the receipt of the China Scholarship Council scholarship and the UNSW Tuition Fee Scholarship. This work was supported by the Centre for Marine Science and Innovation (CMSI), UNSW, Australia.
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JL, TT, and SE designed the study. JL and ZD performed the experiments. MEM, JL, and EMM performed the data analyses. JL and SE wrote the first draft of the manuscript. All authors contributed to the writing of the final version of the manuscript.
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Li, J., Majzoub, M.E., Marzinelli, E.M. et al. Bacterial controlled mitigation of dysbiosis in a seaweed disease. ISME J 16, 378–387 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01070-1
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-01070-1
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