Fig. 1: L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae are stable in co-culture.

A The frequency of L. plantarum in co-culture with S. cerevisiae co-culture over 10 days, initiated at 15 different starting ratios of L. plantarum:S. cerevisiae. Measurements were taken at 2-day intervals. Each point shows the average of three independent replicates. The population carrying capacity of ancestral (B) L. plantarum and (C) S. cerevisiae over 15 generations in monoculture and co-culture. Carrying capacity (optical density) and growth rates of the ancestor S. cerevisiae and L. plantarum strains after 48 hr of growth in Complete Supplement Media (CSM) and CSM media that had already been spent by the other species (D–G).