Fig. 2: L. plantarum adaptation is limited by co-culture with S. cerevisiae.

A Replicate populations of L. plantarum (red) and S. cerevisiae (blue) were propagated in either monoculture or co-culture conditions for 925 generations. B Population carrying capacity estimated by colony-forming units (CFU) per mL of L. plantarum and S. cerevisiae in monoculture and co-culture over 925 generations. Measurements were taken at 50 generation intervals. Each point shows the average of six independent evolution experiments. Growth assays of (C) L. plantarum and (D) S. cerevisiae after 925 generations of evolution, measured as the relative difference in optical density compared with the ancestral strain. Error bars show the S.E.M.