Fig. 7: Overview of features of newly described SUP05 species and hypothesis on their distribution.

A SUP05 clade unique features found in MAGs: Candidatus Thioglobus vadi, Candidatus Thioglobus vulcanius and Candidatus Thioglobus plumae, dominating different plumes. B Suggested schematic distribution of the SUP05 population in the cold oxygenated background water as it mixes with the hot reduced fluid and subsequently is diluted with the plume. The SUP05 population is represented with white dashed circles and the chemical reduced species are depicted in black circles. The size of the circles refers to the concentration of reduced species and the abundance of the SUP05 clade. C Sketch depiction of the communities in three bathy- and mesopelagic plumes. Global patterns of the SUP05 species are based on their reads per kilobase per million mapped reads (RPKM) in the surface and deep chlorophyll maximum (DCM) TARA Ocean metagenomes. Epsilonprotebacteria have recently been reclassified to Campylobacterota (phyl. nov.) [85, 86].