Fig. 1: Map of sampling stations and the design of transplantation experiments in the South China Sea.
From: Reduced bacterial mortality and enhanced viral productivity during sinking in the ocean

The seawater samples were collected from the total 19 layers of the six stations (a, b, generated by Ocean Data View 4 software, https://odv.awi.de/). The transplantation experiments of surface bacterial/viral concentrate (5 m depth) mixed with virus-free seawater of each deeper layer were performed at the six stations (c, d). The schematic diagram of the transplantation experiments is shown (d) and detailed in the text. Abbreviations represent tangential flow filtration (TFF), incubation with mitomycin C (+MC), incubation without mitomycin C (–MC), viral production (VP) and viral decay (VD).