Fig. 3: Dissimilarities of prokaryotic communities and taxonomic groups captured by different β-diversity metrics related to geographic distance between the subantarctic and subarctic Pacific.

A Compositional dissimilarity (Bray–Curtis) against geographic distance of the 0.2–3 µm, 3–8 µm and >8 µm prokaryotic communities in the epi- and mesopelagic. Colours of points indicate number of biogeographical provinces between samples and black line shows loess-fit. B Phylogenetic dissimilarity (UniFrac) of members within taxonomic families as a function of geographic distance grouped into clusters 1 to 4. Grey lines indicate single families and the red line means of the respective cluster. C TINA dissimilarity against geographic distance of the 0.2–3 µm, 3–8 µm and >8 µm prokaryotic communities in the epi- and mesopelagic. The black line represents a loess fit for each subset.