Fig. 4: Lineage-specific virus–host abundances and activity are coupled during HTC. | The ISME Journal

Fig. 4: Lineage-specific virus–host abundances and activity are coupled during HTC.

From: Mesophilic and thermophilic viruses are associated with nutrient cycling during hyperthermophilic composting

Fig. 4

a Heatmap showing changes in the mean virus-host abundance ratios (VHRs) based on all MAGs and vOTUs grouped by predicted host bacterial taxonomy over four sampling time points (D0, D4, D15, D27) during HTC. b Changes in the relative abundance of dominant mesophilic (left panel) and thermophilic (right panel) MAGs (upper panel) and their associated viruses (lower panels; vOTUs) during HTC. Linked MAGs and vOTUs are shown with same colors. c Positive relationships between dominant mesophilic and thermophilic MAGs and their viruses based on relative abundances. d Negative relationships between the relative abundances of dominant mesophilic and thermophilic viruses with mesophilic and thermophilic MAGs, respectively. e Positive relationships between dominant mesophilic and thermophilic MAGs and their viruses based on metatranscriptomics data (transcriptional activity based on non-normalized transcripts per million reads (TPM)). f Negative relationships between the relative activity of dominant mesophilic and thermophilic viruses with mesophilic and thermophilic MAGs, respectively. g Significant positive correlations between total VHRs and changes in composting properties during HTC. Shaded area shows 95% confidence interval around the fitted mean line. In all panels (except for a and b), data shows mean values of three biological replicates per treatment (n = 3).

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