Fig. 4: Differentially abundant taxa between LX3 treatment groups and vehicle controls. | The ISME Journal

Fig. 4: Differentially abundant taxa between LX3 treatment groups and vehicle controls.

From: Delivery mechanism can enhance probiotic activity against honey bee pathogens

Fig. 4: Differentially abundant taxa between LX3 treatment groups and vehicle controls.

Differential abundance tests were performed with MaAsLin2 in R using a generalized linear mixed model (GLMM) approach to delineate species-level microbiota effects of LX3 treatment after adjusting for seasonal (timepoint) effects and other covariates (see Supplementary Data 1F). Effect plots shown highlight the top differentially abundant bacteria (A, B) and fungi (C, D) for patty and spray group comparisons of interest. Each bar depicts the cumulative effect coefficient of the indicated taxa over the entire 24-week study period (i.e., a sustained difference in taxa abundance was observed following the treatment period). For a comprehensive list including all transient effects and timepoint-specific significant differences, see MaAsLin2 output provided in Supplementary Data 1M, N).

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