Fig. 7: CAZymes identified in metatranscriptomic data and associated taxa.

A Circos plot illustrating the identified CAZyme classes and their activity distribution across bacterial phyla. The enzymes were grouped into five CAZyme classes. Glycosyltransferases (GTs) showed the highest activity, followed by glycoside hydrolases (GHs), carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs), carbohydrate esterases (CE), and polysaccharide lyases (PL). Overall, GH and GT activity were detected in all observed microbial phyla. Most (51% TPM) CBM activity was linked to the Firmicutes and Bacteroidota. B Heatmap of widely distributed and common glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzyme families. GH activity is specified by coloured boxes. C Heatmap of the activities of the carbohydrate-binding module (CBM) and glycoside hydrolase (GH) enzyme families for the top 30 microbial species (shown in log10 TPM values). Red dots indicate specific nrMAGs present in the core community (n = 10).