Fig. 1: Schematic summary of relevant organosulfur compounds and enzymes.
From: Microbial drivers of DMSO reduction and DMS-dependent methanogenesis in saltmarsh sediments
DMS and CH4 have contrasting negative and positive effects on radiative forcing (−RF, +RF). DMSO is reduced by DMSO reductases (DmsA, DorA, TorA, TorZ) and can be oxidized by DMS dehydrogenase (DdhA), trimethylamine (TMA)-monooxygenase (Tmm) or by a multicomponent monooxygenase (DsoBDE). DMS can be oxidized to methanethiol (MeSH) by DMS monooxygenase (DmoA). DMS methyltransferases (MtsAB, MtsD, MtsF, MtsH) catalyze the methyl transfer from DMS with methanethiol (MeSH) as an intermediate. The produced methyl-coenzyme M is reduced by the methyl-coenzyme M reductase (McrA) under CH4 formation. The degradation of DMSP is mediated by a wide range of DMSP lyases (DddL, DddQ, DddW, DddY, DddK, DddP, DddD, DddX), of which most can also degrade DMSOP. The enzymes involved in the conversion between DMSP and DMSOP remain unidentified.
