Fig. 5

Population-pair genetic differences across drugs with existing PGx warning labels or suspected to cause adverse drug reactions (ADRs). a Relevance of data analytics approach for drugs with existing PGx label as shown by the cumulative distribution function (CDF) of the number of significant population-pair against the fraction of drugs. Drugs with PGx label indicating ‘genetic testing required’ (red line) and drugs with PGx label indicating ‘testing recommended’ (including ‘actionable’ and ‘informative’ PGx) (blue line) are compared with drugs with no existing PGx label (green line). The average of the number of population pairs showing significant population genetic differentiation across the three group of drugs is shown by the bar chart below (**P < 0.01). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. b CDF of the number of significant population-pair differences in drugs with reported ADR (black line, underneath blue line), as well as those with ADR reported by the US FDA FAERS database (blue line) and the Singapore HSA database (red line) were compared against drugs with no ADR report (green line). The average of the number of population pairs showing significant population genetic differentiation across drugs belonging to the four groups is shown by the bar chart (**P < 0.01). Error bars represent the standard error of the mean. c Percentage of the total ADR cases of the top 20 ADR drugs reported to Singapore’s HSA (Red Balls) and USA FDA FAERS (Blue Balls). Size of balls denotes the total number of population pairs showing significant population genetic differentiation in the drugs. Balls with ‘halo’ represent ADR drugs that are not significantly population-differentiated in ≥10 population pairs