Table 2 Themes and sub-themes from inductive analysis of the four focus groups.

Clinical implementation (1.0)

Benefits (1.1)

Which medicine ‘suits’ me (1.1)

Reduced side effects, higher efficacy, more personalised to each individual and diverse communities

Communication (1.2)

Communication to support clinical PGx implementation (1.2)

Simplicity, Person communicating, differentiate from diagnostic testing /disease prediction

Timing (1.3)

Timing of testing in the clinical pathway: Who would benefit the most and how should testing eligibility reflect that? (1.3)

When to offer, at what stage of illness/health

Testing in primary care. (1.31)

Where in care setting/journey

Custodian of data (1.4)

Maximising benefits of clinical PGx testing: transfer of information across care settings. (1.4)

Who keeps test results, how do they travel

Cost (1.5)

Balancing benefits against costs (1.5)

Direct costs, indirect costs

Trust (1.6)

The role of trust in clinical PGx implementation: ‘GP they trust’ (1.6)

Factors contributing to lack of trust, how to build trust

Education and Outreach (1.7)

Education to support clinical PGx implementation (1.7)

Educational needs and baseline awareness

Outreach and engagement (1.71)

where to outreach, use local community members to lead engagement

Education and misinformation – lessons learnt from the covid-19 pandemic (1.72)

Emerging evidence and shifting practice through the lens of the covid-19 pandemic

Research (2.0)

Benefits (2.1)

Benefits of research using PGx clinical data: ‘whatever is necessary to help the community’ (2.1)

Improved medicines use in future, for this community specifically

Trust (2.2)

Trust in PGx research: protective and harmful factors (2.21)

Concerns around sharing data with different groups or institutions

Lack of trust leads to concerns about data misuse (2.22)

Lack of trust in profit driven research (2.23)

Feeding back research results facilitates trust (2.24)

Trust in therapeutics through the lens of the covid-19 pandemic (2.25)

Education (2.3)

Education to facilitate PGx research (2.3)

Lack of understanding of genes/DNA

Data sharing facilitators (2.4)

Factors supporting PGx data sharing for research. (2.4)

Trust, lack of conflict of interest, benefit sharing

Barriers to Data sharing and Safeguards (2.5)

Barriers to sharing clinical PGx data for research and potential safeguards (2.5)

Concerns about privacy, data ownership and data misuse for profit. Gating of information, protective legislation and grouping of potential access groups were suggested safeguards.