Table 1 Baseline characteristics in patients with current (past 6 months) MDD, and with and without the DSM-5 anxious distress specifier
From: The role of anxious distress in immune dysregulation in patients with major depressive disorder
Current MDD | With anxious distress specifier | Without anxious distress specifier | P a | N | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N = 1078 | N = 585 | N = 493 | |||
Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
Age, years, mean ± SD | 40.9 ± 12.05 | 41.3 ± 12.0 | 40.5 ± 12.1 | 0.288 | 1078 |
Sex, female, n (%) | 725 (67.3) | 390 (66.7) | 335 (68.0) | 0.654 | 1078 |
Education, years, mean ± SD | 11.7 ± 3.2 | 11.2 ± 3.3 | 12.1 ± 3.1 | <0.001 | 1078 |
Laboratory site, n (%) | |||||
Amsterdam | 391 (36.3) | 214 (36.6) | 177 (35.9) | 0.163 | 1078 |
Leiden | 394 (36.5) | 223 (38.1) | 171 (34.7) | ||
Groningen | 205 (19.0) | 99 (16.9) | 106 (21.5) | ||
Emmen | 64 (5.9) | 39 (6.7) | 25 (5.1) | ||
Heerenveen | 24 (2.2) | 10 (1.7) | 14 (2.8) | ||
Clinical characteristics | |||||
Depression severity, QIDS score, mean ± SD | 10.8 ± 4.4 | 12.9 ± 3.8 | 8.3 ± 3.8 | <0.001 | 1078 |
Antidepressant medication use, n (%) | |||||
Tricyclic antidepressant | 44 (4.1) | 23 (3.9) | 21 (4.3) | 0.786 | 1078 |
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor | 316 (29.3) | 188 (32.1) | 128 (26.0) | 0.027 | 1078 |
Other antidepressant | 120 (11.1) | 70 (12.0) | 50 (10.1) | 0.343 | 1078 |
Lifestyle and health factors | |||||
Smoking status, current smoker, n (%) | 482 (44.7) | 268 (45.8) | 214 (43.4) | 0.731 | 1078 |
Alcohol intake, n (%) | |||||
<1 drink a week | 438 (40.6) | 261 (44.6) | 177 (35.9) | 0.003 | 1078 |
1–14/1–21 (women/men) drinks a week | 598 (55.5) | 297 (50.8) | 301 (61.1) | ||
>14/>21 (women/men) drinks a week | 42 (3.9) | 27 (4.6) | 15 (3.0) | ||
Physical activity (1000 MET-min), mean ± SD | 3.5 ± 3.1 | 3.5 ± 3.1 | 3.6 ± 3.2 | 0.318 | 1078 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD | 25.9 ± 5.4 | 26.2 ± 5.5 | 25.5 ± 5.3 | 0.028 | 1078 |
Number of chronic diseases, n (%) | |||||
0 | 579 (53.7) | 294 (50.3) | 285 (57.8) | 0.010 | 1078 |
1 | 328 (30.4) | 182 (31.1) | 146 (29.6) | ||
≥2 | 171 (15.9) | 109 (18.6) | 62 (12.6) | ||
Systemic anti-inflammatory medication, n (%) | 52 (4.8) | 29 (5.0) | 23 (4.7) | 0.824 | 1078 |
Statin use, n (%) | 76 (7.1) | 41 (7.0) | 35 (7.1) | 0.954 | 1078 |
Anxiety constructs | |||||
Any current anxiety disorder, n (%) | 706 (65.5) | 453 (77.4) | 253 (51.3) | <0.001 | 1078 |
Number of anxiety disorders, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.0–2.0) | 1.0 (1.0–2.0) | 1.0 (0.0–1.0) | <0.001 | 1078 |
IDS anxiety arousal subscale, mean ± SD | 16.4 ± 4.2 | 18.7 ± 3.5 | 13.7 ± 3.1 | <0.001 | 1077 |
Beck Anxiety Inventory, mean ± SD | 18.1 ± 11.2 | 24.5 ± 10.4 | 10.5 ± 6.6 | <0.001 | 1078 |
Fear Questionnaire, mean ± SD | 33.7 ± 21.6 | 41.2 ± 22.0 | 24.8 ± 17.4 | <0.001 | 1078 |
MASQ anxious arousal subscale, mean ± SD | 18.9 ± 6.9 | 21.9 ± 7.1 | 15.5 ± 4.7 | <0.001 | 894 |
Anxiety Sensitivity Index, mean ± SD | 17.3 ± 10.3 | 20.8 ± 10.8 | 13.4 ± 8.0 | <0.001 | 910 |
Penn State Worry Questionnaire, mean ± SD | 38.2 ± 9.9 | 41.7 ± 8.8 | 34.3 ± 9.6 | <0.001 | 906 |
