Table 1 Sample characteristics for healthy controls, and patients with first-episode psychosis (FEP)

From: Brain responses to different types of salience in antipsychotic naïve first episode psychosis: An fMRI study

Variable

Controls (n = 34)

 

FEP (n = 13)

  

Group statistics

 

Mean

SD

Mean

SD

 

t

df

p

Age (years)

22.85

3.3

23.85

6.3

 

0.21

47

0.48

Gender (male/female)

18/16

8/6

 

0.45

47

0.61

  

Handedness (right/left)

27/7

9/3 (1 missing)

 

0.06

46

0.76

  

IQ

119.4

18.2

105.1

16.2

 

3.03

47

0.02

Level of education

2.47

0.8

2.38

1.1

 

0.51

47

0.77

Mother’s level of education

2.36

1.1

2.73

1.3

 

0.8

43

0.36

Smoking (yes/no)

0.32

0.5

0.54

0.5

 

1.61

46

0.18

Alcohol

2.6

0.7

1.54

1.5

 

3.34

46

0.002

Cannabis

0.85

0.8

1.38

1.6

 

2.08

45

0.12

Hallucinogens

0.21

0.5

0.46

0.7

 

1.32

46

0.15

Stimulants

0.41

0.7

0.77

0.8

 

1.87

46

0.15

Depressants

0.06

0.2

0.23

0.6

 

1.33

46

0.16

  1. Education was measured on a 5-point scale (from no education to higher university degree). Intelligence was measured with the culture fair intelligence test. Smoking: 0 = non-smoker, 1 = smoker. Substance use was measured on a 5-point scale (from 0 = never used to 5 = daily user). Bold values indicate significant differences
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