Fig. 4: Altered novelty-induced exploratory behaviour in SAPAP4-deficient mice.
From: Cognitive impairment and autistic-like behaviour in SAPAP4-deficient mice
a Dlgap4geo/geo mice covered longer distances in the open field test as compared to Dlgap4+/+ mice (***p < 0.001, effect of genotype after mixed two-way ANOVA). b Thigmotactic behaviour in the open field was not affected in Dlgap4geo/geo mice. c Rearing, a typical novelty-induced exploratory behaviour in mice, was reduced in Dlgap4geo/geo mice during the first 5 min of the open field compared to Dlgap4+/+ mice. d–h In the elevated plus maze test, Dlgap4geo/geo mice spent more time on the open arms (d), entered the open arms more often (e), did more total transitions (f), spent less time on the centre (g) and self-groomed less (h) compared to Dlgap4+/+ mice (in (c–h): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001; unpaired t-test). i During the dark cycle, Dlgap4geo/geo mice in the home cage were more active than Dlgap4+/+ mice. (**p < 0.01 as compared to Dlgap4+/+ mice within the time bin, Newman–Keuls post-hoc test after mixed three-way ANOVA). Simple vertical lines represent SEM. All experiments were performed with 11 adult male mice/genotype (cohort 1). For more details see text
