Fig. 3: Perinatal EFV exposure affects the startle reflex and latency to immobility in the forced swim test, but has no effects on prepulse inhibition, or anxiety- and depressive-like behavior. | Translational Psychiatry

Fig. 3: Perinatal EFV exposure affects the startle reflex and latency to immobility in the forced swim test, but has no effects on prepulse inhibition, or anxiety- and depressive-like behavior.

From: Neurodevelopmental and behavioral consequences of perinatal exposure to the HIV drug efavirenz in a rodent model

Fig. 3

a–d Effect of perinatal EFV on acoustic startle reflexes and prepulse inhibition (PPI). a Main effect of EFV on average startle amplitude development, with EFV-exposed rats exhibiting shorter startle amplitudes. No effect of EFV on PPI on b PND21, c PND35, and d PND70. PPI was calculated as: 100–(average of all startle amplitudes on prepulse trial/startle amplitude on startle trial) × 100%. Three different prepulses were tested: 3 dB (PP3), 5 dB (PP5) or 10 dB (PP10) above background noise. e–h No effect of perinatal EFV on anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze. e Number of open arm entries, f number of closed arm entries, g time (s) spent in open arms, and h total distance (cm) moved. i–k Effects of perinatal EFV on depressive-like behavior in the forced swim test. i No effect of EFV on the time (s) spent immobile, or j the number of immobility times. k Main effect of EFV on the latency (s) to immobility, with EFV-exposed rats exhibiting shorter latencies. EFV n = 24 (n = 22 for the forced swim test) and Ctrl n = 19. Data represent mean ( ± SEM), *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, analyzed using repeated-measures ANOVA (a–d) or one-way ANOVA (e–k). Ctrl vehicle, EFV efavirenz, PND postnatal day, PP prepulse, ANOVA analysis of variance

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