Table 5 Multivariate multinomial logistic regressions# examining associations of sociodemographic, trauma-related, psychosocial, mental and physical health predictors of functional impairment by levels of severity in a community sample of Rohingya refugees living in Malaysia (n = 959)

From: Functional impairment as a proxy measure indicating high rates of trauma exposure, post-migration living difficulties, common mental disorders, and poor health amongst Rohingya refugees in Malaysia

Reference group: low impairment (n = 573)

Moderate impairment (n = 220)

Severe impairment (n = 166)

Sociodemographic characteristics

Adjusted odds ratios

95% confidence interval

P

Adjusted odds ratios

95% confidence interval

P

Age

Base cat: 18–30 years

0.87

0.65–1.15

0.319

1.03

0.73–1.44

0.874

Gender

Base cat: female

2.27

0.82–6.28

0.116

2.22

0.22–5.44

0.982

Being employed

Base cat: unemployed

0.87

0.51–0.54

0.90

4.15

1·41–8.96

<0.001

Being married

Base cat: single

1.17

0.79–1.73

0.424

0.67

0.42–1.06

0.085

Residency status (being stateless)

Base cat: held UNHCR protection status

1.75

1.06–2.94

0.028

20.11

7.14–10

<0.001

Exposure to pre-migration Traumatic Events (TEs) (mean score)

3.19

1.22–8.34

0.018

4.76

1.64–13.73

0.004

Peri-migration stressors (base cat: 0 count)a

1.05

0.98–1.12

0.188

1.26

1.14–1.39

<0.001

Traveled to Malaysia by boat

Base cat: traveled by land transport

1.23

0.59–2.53

0.581

5.96

1.34–26.43

0.019

Post-migration living difficulties (PMLDs)

Exposure to post-migration living difficulties endorsed at moderate and severe levels (mean score)

1.1

1.04–1.15

<0.001

1.43

1.32–1.55

<0.001

Overall self-rated physical health (base cat: very good/excellent)a

      

 Poor/fair

1.90

0.91–3.96

0.088

2.23

1–5.02

0.05

Mental disorders (base cat: no disorder)a

      

 One disorder

1.65

1.04–2.61

0.034

7.48

4.25–13.17

<0.001

 Two or more disorders

4.03

1.97–8.27

<0.001

13.54

6.22–29.45

<0.001

  1. aGiven high multi-collinearity between mental disorders, general health, pre- and per-migration exposure and PMLDs, these variables were entered into separate multivariate logistic regressions; education was excluded because of high multi-collinearity
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