Table 2 Cox hazard ratios (HR) and 99% confidence intervals (CI) for the outcomes (columns) (i) any psychiatric disorder (ICD-10 F diagnoses), and (ii) any psychotropic medication (ATC N05 and N06) until 2014, in relation to A) maternal purchase of antibiotic drug within 3 months before pregnancy, during pregnancy, and within 3 month after pregnancy, and B) maternal infection and/or purchase of antibiotic drug at least during pregnancy.
From: Early exposure to antibiotic drugs and risk for psychiatric disorders: a population-based study
Exposures and time period (proportion of births) | Any F diagnosis | Any psychotropic medication | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 99% CI | HR | 99% CI | |
A) Any antibiotic drug (ATC J01) | ||||
Only within 3 months before pregnancy (3 mB) | ||||
No (92.5%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes (7.5%) | 1.07 | 1.03–1.10 | 1.06 | 1.01–1.10 |
Only during pregnancy (P) | ||||
No (84.6%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes (15.4%) | 1.16 | 1.14–1.18 | 1.16 | 1.13–1.19 |
Only within 3 months after pregnancy (3 mA) | ||||
No (86.1%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes (13.9%) | 1.02 | 1.00–1.09 | 1.03 | 1.00–1.06 |
At least during pregnancy | ||||
No (74.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Yes (25.7%) | 1.16 | 1.14–1.18 | 1.16 | 1.13–1.19 |
B) Infectiona and/or any antibiotic drug in the same model | ||||
At least during pregnancy | ||||
No (74.3%) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
Infection (2.3%) | 1.21 | 1.15–1.28 | 1.28 | 1.18–1.38 |
Any antibiotic drug (ATC J01) (25.7%) | 1.15 | 1.13–1.17 | 1.16 | 1.13–1.19 |
