Table 1 Characteristics of included adult studies.

From: Pharmacological prevention and early treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and acute stress disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis

 

Country

Trauma sample

Pharmacotherapy

Timing after trauma

Comparator

n

PTSD/ASD outcome

Follow up

Delahanty et al.*

USA

Injury

Hydrocortisone

<12 h

Placebo

43

PTSD Severity (CAPS)

1, 3 months

Denke et al.*

Germany

Septic Shock

Hydrocortisone

<6 h

Placebo

18

PTSD Incidence (PTSS-10)

12 months

Schelling et al.*

Germany

Septic Shock

Hydrocortisone

<6 h

Placebo

20

PTSD Incidence & Severity (SCID-IV & PTSS-10)

31 months

Schelling et al.

Germany

Zohar et al.*

Hydrocortisone

<6 h

Standard therapy

48

PTSD Severity (PTSS-10)

6 months

Weis et al.*

Germany

Cardiac Surgery

Hydrocortisone

<6 h

Placebo

28

PTSD Incidence (PTSS-10)

6 months

Zohar et al.*

Israel

Injury

Hydrocortisone

<6 h

Placebo

17

PTSD Incidence (CAPS)

3 months

Kok et al.*

Netherlands

Cardiac Surgery

Dexamethasone

<6 h

Placebo

2458

PTSD Incidence (PTSS-10)

18–48 months

Hoge et al.*

USA

Injury

Propranolol

4–12 h

Placebo

41

PTSD Incidence & Severity (CAPS)

1, 3 months

Pitman et al.*

USA

Injury

Propranolol

<6 h

Placebo

24

PTSD Incidence & Severity (CAPS)

1, 3 months

Stein et al.*

USA

Injury

Propranolol

<48 h

Placebo

38

ASD Severity & PTSD Incidence (ASDS & PCL-C)

1, 4, 8 months

Shalev et al.*

Israel

Injury

Escitalopram

19.8 days

Placebo

36

PTSD Incidence & Severity (CAPS)

5, 9 months

Suliman et al.*

South Africa

Injury

Escitalopram

<28 days

Placebo

29

PTSD Incidence (CAPS)

0.5, 6, 14 months

Zohar et al.

Israel/South Africa

Injury

Escitalopram

<30 days

Placebo

198

PTSD Severity (CAPS)

14 months

Van Zuiden et al.*

Netherlands

Injury

Oxytocin

<12 days

Placebo

107

PTSD Incidence & Severity (CAPS)

1.5, 3, 6 months

Matsuoka et al.*

Japan

Injury

Fish oil (1470 mg DHA/147 mg EPA)

10 days

Placebo

110

PTSD Incidence & Severity (Clinical Diagnosis & CAPS)

3 months

Nishi et al.

Japan

Disaster Relief

Fish oil (224 mg DHA/22.4 mg EPA)

Not specified

Psychoeducation

172

PTSD Incidence (IES-R)

12.6 weeks

  1. *Included in meta-analysis, PTSD, post-traumatic stress disorder, ASD, acute stress disorder, n, number of participants included at final assessment, CAPS, clinician administered PTSD scale,
  2. PTSS-10, post-traumatic 10 stress symptom Inventory, IES-R, impact of events scale—revised, SCID-IV, structured clinical interview for DSM IV, ASDS, acute stress disorder scale,
  3. PCL-C, PTSD checklist—civilian version
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