Table 2 List of functional brain alternations associated with MDD with the respective outcomes, related conditions, and frequency.
From: The rise and fall of MRI studies in major depressive disorder
Brain Region | Alteration | Outcome | Related conditions | Frequency | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Whole-brain | Decreased overall connectivity | unknown | SCZ | Uncommon | |
DMN | Decreased connectivity | unknown | GAD and SCZ | Common | |
Frontal Lobe | Decreased RoHo; Altered activity during self-referential processing | Cognitive control deficits; memory problems | AD; ASD; BPD; CP; SCZ | Common | |
Temporal Lobe | Increased parahippocampal activation | Working memory problems | AD; ASD; SCZ | Uncommon | |
Parietal Lobe | Decreased RoHo; Decreased postcentral, anterior and posterior cingulate gyri, along with precuneus and middle frontal cortex activity | Decline of visual and spatial interactions | AD; PD; SCZ | Common | |
Occipital Lobe | Reduced activation with negative stimuli | Cognitive dysfunction | unknown | Uncommon | |
Diencephalon | Increased activity of the thalamus and hypothalamus | Problems with perception, encoding, retrieval, and prioritization of information | AD; SCZ | Common | |
Cerebellum | Hypoactivation of the cerebellum; increased activation of striatum; altered activity of the medial frontal and anterior cingulate gyri | Cognitive, emotional, and executive processes | AD; BPD; PD; SCZ | Common |
