Fig. 2: Changes in indices of antioxidant capacity and oxidative stress.

a A comparison of whole-blood GSH concentration (μM) (left) vs. cerebral GSH concentration (mM/kg) (right), pre-intervention vs. post intervention. b Plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances concentration (μM), a measure of lipid peroxidation. c Plasma 8-isoprostane concentration (pg/mL), a measure of lipid peroxidation. d Single-strand DNA damage from whole blood (%). e Plasma protein carbonyl concentration (nmol/mg protein). Both GSH measures are expressed as mean and standard deviation. All oxidative damage markers are expressed as median and interquartile range. * indicates a significant difference between pre- and post measures.