Table 1 Demographic and clinical differences across samples.

From: Accelerated brain aging predicts impaired cognitive performance and greater disability in geriatric but not midlife adult depression

 

Adult sample

Geriatric sample

 

Depressed

(N = 76)

Never-depressed

(N = 94)

Test value

p-value

Depressed

(N = 118)

Never-depressed

(N = 36)

Test value

p-value

Age, years (chronologic)

36.21 (9.04)

30.14 (9.2)

4.30

<0.0001

66.41 (5.45)

70.06 (6.65)

3.33

0.0011

Age, years (estimated)

43.67 (11.27)

37.48 (10.09)

3.77

0.0002

70.09 (8.12)

68.83 (10.59)

0.66

0.5117

Brain-age gap (BAG)

7.46 (7.56)

7.33 (5.54)

0.12

0.9027

3.69 (7.16)

−1.23 (7.62)

3.55

0.0005

Sex, % female (N)

68.42% (52/76)

61.70% (58/94)

0.83

0.3621

61.0 (72/118)

55.6 (20/36)

0.34

0.5586

Race, % minority (N)

40.79% (31/76)

50.00% (47/94)

1.43

0.2308

10.17% (12/118)

11.11% (4/36)

0.02

0.8712

Education, years

15.34 (2.43)

15.69 (2.06)

1.01

0.3123

16.79 (2.21)

17.17 (1.93)

0.92

0.3573

CIRS

0.67 (1.16)

0.31 (0.75)

2.36

0.0199

5.45 (3.22)

4.72 (2.77)

1.22

0.2234

MADRS

23.62 (4.33)

0.80 (1.16)

44.7

<0.0001

26.21 (5.20)

0.75 (1.02)

50.11

<0.0001

WMH volume (log)

–

–

  

0.18 (1.48)

0.13 (1.43)

0.14

0.8894

     

N = 103

N = 36

  

MMSE

–

–

  

29.20 (1.1)

29.3 (1.1)

0.23

0.8186

Episodic memory

−0.68 (4.24)

0.85 (3.68)

2.49

0.0137

−0.03 (0.73)

0.15 (0.74)

1.26

0.2104

Executive function

−0.36 (3.05)

0.46 (2.92)

1.79

0.0754

−0.08 (0.69)

0.29 (0.51)

3.37

0.0012

Processing speed

−0.51(2.49)

0.51 (2.20)

2.82

0.0053

−0.05 (0.72)

0.30 (0.54)

3.03

0.0033

Working memory

−0.21 (1.67)

0.20 (1.88)

1.49

0.1370

−0.02 (0.82)

0.15 (0.81)

1.12

0.2632

     

N = 85

N = 15

  

WHODAS

–

–

  

23.91 (14.82)

4.51 (4.05)

10.21

<0.0001

  1. Data presented as mean (standard deviation) for continuous variables and percent (N) for categorical variables. Analyses used pooled, two-tailed t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests with 1 df for categorical variables. Pooled t-tests for the adult sample had 168 degrees of freedom. In pooled t-tests for the geriatric sample, for the overall demographics df = 152, for the cognition sample df = 137, and for the disability sample df = 98. The exceptions requiring the use of Satterthwaite t-tests due to unequal variances for the adult sample included analyses of BAG (133.8 df), (CIRS (122.8 df) and MADRS (83.7 df), and for the geriatric sample analyses of MADRS (141.05 df), estimated age (48.2 df), executive function (81.1 df), processing speed (87.7 df), and WHODAS score (82.0 df).
  2. BAG brain-age gap, CIRS Cumulative Illness Rating Scale, MADRS Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale, MMSE mini-mental state examination, WHODAS World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (Version 2.0), presented as percent disabled, WMH white matter hyperintensity.
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