Table 2 Mean baseline, 6, and 12-month postoperative neuropsychological scores (n = 10 subjects).

	Baseline	6 months	12 months	Decline ≥ 2 SD		Improvement ≥ 2 SD
	Baseline	6 months	12 months	B-12mos	B-6mos	B-12mos	B-6mos
CVLT total recall^a	53.3 (8.2)	55 (7.0)	52.7 (12.2)	0	0	0	0
CVLT delayed free recall^c	0.0 (0.8)	−0.1 (1.0)	0.3 (0.8)	0	0	0	0
CVLT delayed cued recall^c	−0.4 (1.4)	0.2 (0.8)	0.2 (0.8)	0	0	1 (pt8)	1 (pt8)
CVLT delayed recognition discrimination^c	−0.2 (1.8)	0.1 (0.7)	0.2 (0.8)	0	0	1 (pt8)	1 (pt8)
BVMT-R immediate recall^a	41.1 (16.1)	47.6 (11.2)	51.7 (13.0)*	0	0	3 (pt1,6,10)	1 (pt10)
BVMT-R delayed recall^a	44.5 (16.8)	51.1 (9.4)	53.4 (11.4)*	0	0	1 (pt3)	0
Oral SDMT^c	−1.0 (0.9)	−0.5 (0.9)*	−0.6 (1.0)	0	0	0	0
D-KEFS Sorting Test: correct sorts^b	9.8 (1.8)	12.5 (1.9)*	13.4 (3.1)*	0	0	4 (pt2,3,6,8)	0
D-KEFS Sorting Test: description score^b	10.3 (2.5)	12.4 (2.2)*	13.1 (3.3)*	0	0	1 (pt8)	1 (pt8)
IGT total score^a	45.5 (8.9)	47.0 (9.0)	49.8 (7.0)	0	0	1 (pt4)	0
FrSBe total score^a	73.9 (14.0)	66.1 (14.7)	63.5 (17.0)*	0	0	2 (pt3,6)	1 (pt1)
FrSBe disinhibition score^a	57.8 (20.4)	52.6 (17.7)	50.4 (18.6)	0	0	3 (pt3,6)	2 (pt3,6)
FrSBe apathy score^a	88.9 (17.8)	79.6 (18.2)*	76.4 (25.3)*	0	0	2 (pt3,6)	1 (pt1)
FrSBe dysexecutive score^a	68.9 (14.1)	62.7 (8.6)	60.6 (12.6)	0	0	2 (pt3,6)	1 (pt1)

Scores were standardized with published normative data, and reported in the following format: ^a T-Score (mean of 50, SD of 10); ^b Scaled Score (mean of 10, SD of 3); ^c Z-Score (mean of 0; SD of 1).
B-12mos change from baseline to 12 months, B-6mos change from baseline to 6 months, Pt patient, CVLT California Verbal Learning Test, BVMT-R Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised, SDMT Symbol Digit Modalities Test, FrSBe Frontal Systems Behavior Scale—self-version (lower scores represent fewer behavioral symptoms), IGT Iowa Gambling Task.
*Denotes p < 0.05 on a Wilcoxon signed rank test in comparison to baseline.
Note that 7/10 patients completed the IGT at 6 months, and 9/10 patients completed the IGT at 12 months.

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