Table 2 Associations between schizophrenia polygenic score (SZ-PGS) and cognitive function in older adults over the 10-year follow-up.

From: Schizophrenia polygenic risk predicts general cognitive deficit but not cognitive decline in healthy older adults

 

Verbal memory

 

Semantic fluency

 
 

β (95%CI)

P-value

β (95%CI)

P-value

Baseline

SZ-PGS

−0.07 (−0.14–0.01)

0.091

−0.25 (−0.40 to −0.09)

0.002

Age

−0.14 (−0.15 to −0.14)

<0.001

−0.19 (−0.21 to −0.18)

<0.001

Gender

−1.08 (−1.23 to −0.92)

<0.001

0.02 (−0.29 to 0.33)

0.906

Current smoker

−0.10 (−0.33–0.13)

0.386

−0.58 (−1.04 to −0.12)

0.013

Low level of wealth

−0.60 (−0.77 to −0.42)

<0.001

−0.62 (−0.97 to −0.27)

<0.001

Education attainment

0.19 (0.17–0.21)

<0.001

0.43 (0.38 to 0.47)

<0.001

Depression diagnosis

−0.53 (−0.77 to −0.30)

<0.001

−0.81 (−1.28 to −0.33)

0.001

APOE-ε4 present

−0.27 (−0.45 to −0.10)

0.002

−0.31 (−0.66 to 0.04)

0.074

Limiting health conditions (any)

−0.18 (−0.35 to −0.01)

0.041

−0.17 (−0.66 to 0.04)

0.320

Rate of change

SZ-PGS

0.003 (−0.01–0.02)

0.741

0.01 (−0.02–0.03)

0.740

Age

−0.06 (−0.03–−0.09)

<0.001

0.06 (0.002–0.11)

0.044

Gender

−0.02 (−0.05–0.01)

00.285

−0.06 (−0.12 to −0.002)

0.041

Current smoker

−0.07 (−0.12–−0.02)

0.002

−0.05 (−0.14–0.03)

0.229

Low level of wealth

−0.01 (−0.04–0.03)

0.707

−0.08 (−0.14 to −0.01)

0.028

Education attainment

0.002 (−0.002–0.01)

0.255

−0.01 (−0.01–0.002)

0.121

Depression diagnosis

−0.01 (−0.06–0.04)

0.629

−0.05 (−0.15 to 0.04)

0.258

APOE-ε4 present

−0.08 (−0.12–−0.04)

<0.001

−0.10 (−0.16 to −0.03)

0.005

Limiting health conditions (any)

−0.03 (−0.06–0.01)

0.126

−0.11 (−0.18 to −0.05)

0.001

Variancea

Within-person

0.07 (0.06–0.08)

 

0.16 (0.13–0.21)

 

In initial status

3.69 (3.66–4.28)

 

15.99 (14.77–17.31)

 

In rate of change

0.03 (−0.02–0.08)

 

0.08 (−0.09–0.26)

 
  1. The models were further adjusted for age2 to capture non-linear aging effects of which cognition is susceptible to and 4 principal components to account for any ancestry differences in genetic structures that could bias the results.
  2. CI confidence intervals, SZ-PGS polygenic score for schizophrenia, APOE-ε4 two ε4 alleles of the Apolipoprotein E gene.
  3. aThe within-person variance is the overall residual variance in cognition that is not explained by the model. The initial status variance component is the variance of individuals’ intercepts about the intercept of the average person. The rate of change variance component is the variance of individual slopes about the slope of the average person.
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