Table 2 Participant characteristics per condition.
Intervention (n = 22) | Control (n = 19) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean (Range) | SD | Mean (Range) | SD | |
Age (years) | 45.14 (19–66) | 14.51 | 47.32 (20–76) | 17.45 |
n | % | n | % | |
Gender | ||||
Female | 14 | 63.6 | 9 | 47.4 |
Male | 8 | 36.4 | 10 | 52.6 |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Highest level of education | ||||
Elementary school | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
Upper secondary school | 8 | 36.4 | 8 | 42.1 |
University | 13 | 59.1 | 10 | 52.6 |
Other (no school education) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.3 |
Place of birth | ||||
Sweden | 17 | 77.3 | 14 | 73.7 |
Other Scandinavian country | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
Other European country | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.3 |
Outside of Europe | 4 | 18.2 | 4 | 21.1 |
Marital status | ||||
Single | 4 | 18.2 | 5 | 26.3 |
Married or cohabiting | 12 | 54.5 | 13 | 68.4 |
Divorced | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
Widowed | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Living apart together (LAT) | 5 | 22.7 | 1 | 5.3 |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Employment status | ||||
Employed | 22 | 100 | 16 | 78.9 |
(Full-time employed) | (19) | (86.4) | (13) | (68.4) |
(Part-time employed) | (3) | (13.6) | (2) | (10.5) |
Unemployed | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.3 |
Student | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Retired | 0 | 0 | 3 | 15.8 |
On sick leave | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Other | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Yearly income (SEK) | ||||
0–249,999 | 5 | 22.7 | 4 | 21.1 |
250,000–349,999 | 4 | 18.2 | 6 | 31.6 |
350,000–449,999 | 7 | 31.8 | 4 | 21.2 |
450,000–549,999 | 4 | 18.2 | 2 | 10.5 |
550,000 and above | 2 | 9.1 | 3 | 15.8 |
n | % | n | % | |
Traumatic event | ||||
DSM-5 PTSD criterion A1 | 22 | 100 | 19 | 100 |
Experienced event | 22 | 100 | 19 | 100 |
Witnessed event | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Brought in by ambulance | 4 | 18.2 | 8 | 42.1 |
Type of traumaa | ||||
Transportation accident | 8 | 36.4 | 7 | 36.8 |
(Car/van/bus driver) | (5) | (22.7) | (2) | (10.5) |
(Car/van passenger) | (0) | (0) | (1) | (5.3) |
(Motorcyclist) | (0) | (0) | (1) | (5.3) |
(Electric scooter driver) | (0) | (0) | (2) | (10.5) |
(Cyclist) | (3) | (13.6) | (1) | (5.3) |
(Pedestrian) | (0) | (0) | (0) | (0) |
Serious accident at work, home, or during recreational activity | 13 | 59.1 | 11 | 57.9 |
(Slip-and-fall injury) | (6) | (27.3) | (6) | (31.6) |
(Free fall trauma) | (2) | (9.1) | (3) | (15.8) |
(Threat to limb/extremity) | (2) | (9.1) | (1) | (5.3) |
(Head injury) | (1) | (4.5) | (0) | (0) |
(Burn injury) | (1) | (4.5) | (0) | (0) |
(Attacked by dog) | (1) | (4.5) | (0) | (0) |
(Crushed under heavy object) | (0) | (0) | (1) | (5.3) |
Assault with a weapon | 1 | 4.5 | 0 | 0 |
Physical assault | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5.3 |
n | % | n | % | |
Perceived life/serious injury threat to self (score > 0) | 18 | 81.8 | 16 | 84.2 |
Perceived life/serious injury threat to someone else (score > 0) | 2 | 9.1 | 5 | 26.3 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Perceived threat | 5.64 | 3.17 | 5.37 | 3.29 |
Time since traumatic event (hours:min) | ||||
Included within 6 h since traumatic event (intervention n = 14, control n = 17b) | 2:33 | 0:58 | 3:21 | 1:13 |
Included within 72 h since traumatic event (intervention n = 8, control n = 2) | 25:10 | 14:37 | 12:37 | 6:52 |
Injury Severity Score | 2.05 | 1.68 | 2.16 | 1.61 |
PDEQ | 16.23 | 7.96 | 19.16 | 9.22 |
PDI | 14.18 | 8.78 | 17.32 | 9.26 |
n | % | n | % | |
Treatment in emergency department | ||||
Location in emergency department | ||||
ED | 20 | 90.9 | 16 | 84.2 |
ED Walk-in centrec | 2 | 9.1 | 3 | 15.8 |
Admitted as in-patient | 2 | 9.1 | 1 | 5.3 |
Received opiate medication | 8 | 36.4 | 10 | 52.6 |
n | % | n | % | |
History of trauma or mental illness | ||||
Prior psychological trauma | 17 | 77.3 | 16 | 84.2 |
Current/past mental illness | 6 | 27.3 | 6 | 31.6 |
Family history of mental illness | 8 | 36.4 | 5 | 26.3 |
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
Self-rated sleep and health (baseline) | ||||
SRHR | 5.82 | 1.10 | 5.37 | 1.21 |
SRSR | 5.91 | 2.35 | 5.00 | 2.98 |
