Table 2 Adjusted models for biomarkers, total sample.

From: Mindfulness improves inflammatory biomarker levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Biomarkers

Time-points

Intervention, log-transformed adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI)

Control, log-transformed adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI)

Estimate (SE)

95% CI

P-value

Hs-CRP

Baseline

0.210 (0.063, 0.084 to 0.336)

0.217 (0.063, 0.091 to 0.343)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.181 (0.064, 0.053 to 0.309)

0.197 (0.065, 0.068 to 0.325)

−0.008

−0.210 to 0.193

0.933

9-month

0.014 (0.084, −0.153 to 0.180)

0.327 (0.067, 0.194 to 0.461)

−0.307

−0.559 to −0.054

0.018*

IL-1β

Baseline

1.652 (0.101, 1.453 to 1.851)

1.619 (0.090, 1.440 to 1.798)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

1.767 (0.104, 1.561 to 1.973)

1.889 (0.098, 1.695 to 2.082)

−0.155

−0.479 to 0.170

0.346

9-month

1.749 (0.117, 1.518 to 1.979)

1.799 (0.100, 1.602 to 1.996)

−0.083

-0.458 to 0.292

0.661

IL-6

Baseline

0.344 (0.108, 0.130 to 0.558)

0.392 (0.103, 0.189 to 0.595)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.459 (0.108, 0.245 to 0.673)

0.407 (0.114, 0.180 to 0.633)

0.100

−0.300 to 0.500

0.621

9-month

0.506 (0.137, 0.234 to 0.778)

0.719 (0.116, 0.489 to 0.948)

−0.165

-0.605 to 0.276

0.462

BDNF

Baseline

7.238 (0.165, 6.910 to 7.565)

7.311 (0.174, 6.967 to 7.656)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

6.495 (0.168, 6.161 to 6.829)

6.455 (0.177, 6.104 to 6.806)

0.114

−0.557 to 0.784

0.736

9-month

6.323 (0.243, 5.841 to 6.805)

6.628 (0.194, 6.243 to 7.013)

−0.231

−0.977 to 0.514

0.539

Cortisol

Baseline

−1.009 (0.062, −1.107 to −0.911)

−0.996 (0.050, −1.095 to −0.897)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

−1.001 (0.050, −1.099 to −0.903)

−0.873 (0.055, −0.982to −0.763)

−0.116

−0.303 to 0.072

0.223

9-month

−0.892 (0.050, −1.014 to −0.769)

−0.844 (0.056, −0.955 to −0.733)

−0.035

−0.242 to 0.173

0.741

DHEA-S

Baseline

2.443 (0.028, 2.388 to 2.498)

2.456 (0.029, 2.400 to 2.513)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

2.441 (0.028, 2.386 to 2.497)

2.481 (0.029, 2.424 to 2.538)

−0.026

−0.115 to 0.063

0.561

9-month

2.475 (0.035, 2.405 to 2.545)

2.476 (0.030, 2.417 to 2.536)

0.012

−0.096 to 0.120

0.827

  1. Covariates controlled for in the linear-mixed model included the baseline values of the respective outcome variable, age, sex, years of formal education, time-points of the intervention, treatment arm, time-points, and treatment arm interaction term.
  2. Hs-CRP high-sensitivity-c-reactive protein, IL interleukin, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
  3. *indicates P-value < 0.05.
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