Table 3b Adjusted models for biomarkers, MCI subtype-stratified sub-group analyses.

From: Mindfulness improves inflammatory biomarker levels in older adults with mild cognitive impairment: a randomized controlled trial

Biomarkers

Time-points

Intervention, log-transformed adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI)

Control, log-transformed adjusted mean (SE, 95% CI)

Estimate (SE)

95% CI

P-value

Amnestic-MCI

      

 Hs-CRP

Baseline

0.231 (0.086, 0.058 to 0.405)

0.283 (0.109, 0.063 to 0.504)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.148 (0.092, −0.037 to 0.334)

0.268 (0.117, 0.032 to 0.503)

−0.068

−0.505 to 0.369

0.752

9-month

−0.28 (0.131, −0.544 to -0.016)

0.34 (0.117, 0.104 to 0.577)

−0.569

−1.000 to −0.133

0.012*

 IL-1β

Baseline

1.786 (0.158, 1.465 to 2.106)

1.625 (0.16, 1.3 to 1.95)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

2.088 (0.163, 1.758 to 2.419)

2.046 (0.166, 1.709 to 2.382)

−0.118

−0.652 to 0.416

0.654

9-month

2.099 (0.2, 1.695 to 2.503)

2.027 (0.177, 1.67 to 2.384)

−0.089

−0.720 to 0.543

0.777

 IL-6

Baseline

0.378 (0.119, 0.137 to 0.618)

0.46 (0.142, 0.173 to 0.747)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.62 (0.119, 0.38 to 0.86)

0.474 (0.148, 0.176 to 0.772)

0.228

−0.377 to 0.833

0.875

9-month

0.864 (0.178, 0.506 to 1.222)

0.902 (0.16, 0.58 to 1.223)

0.045

−0.529 to 0.619

0.446

 BDNF

Baseline

7.022 (0.243, 6.533 to 7.512)

7.203 (0.304, 6.59 to 7.816)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

6.375 (0.243, 5.886 to 6.864)

5.875 (0.304, 5.263 to 6.488)

0.680

−0.499 to 1.860

0.246

9-month

6.097 (0.424, 5.243 to 6.951)

6.822 (0.326, 6.165 to 7.479)

−0.544

−1.851 to 0.763

0.407

 Cortisol

Baseline

−0.790 (0.052, −0.894 to −0.686)

−0.748 (0.063, −0.874 to −0.622)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

−0.840 (0.052,−0.944 to −0.736)

−0.784 (0.065, −0.915 to −0.654)

−0.013

−0.235 to 0.208

0.902

9-month

−0.688 (0.078,−0.846 to −0.531)

−0.597 (0.07, −0.737 to −0.457)

−0.049

−0.307 to 0.208

0.701

 DHEA-S

Baseline

2.592 (0.032, 2.528 to 2.655)

2.611 (0.044, 2.523 to 2.7)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

2.556 (0.032, 2.493 to 2.62)

2.61 (0.044, 2.521 to 2.698)

−0.034

−0.191 to 0.123

0.657

9-month

2.552 (0.048, 2.455 to 2.649)

2.575 (0.047, 2.48 to 2.669)

−0.003

−0.170 to 0.163

0.969

Non-amnestic-MCI

 Hs-CRP

Baseline

0.152 (0.098, −0.047 to 0.35)

0.158 (0.081, −0.005 to 0.321)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.182 (0.098, −0.017 to 0.38)

0.142 (0.081, −0.02 to 0.305)

0.045

−0.155 to 0.245

0.651

9-month

0.089 (0.11, −0.132 to 0.309)

0.298 (0.084, 0.129 to 0.467)

−0.203

−0.459 to 0.053

0.118

 IL-1β

Baseline

1.597 (0.149, 1.3 to 1.893)

1.554 (0.123, 1.308 to 1.799)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

1.606 (0.149, 1.309 to 1.902)

1.758 (0.132, 1.495 to 2.021)

−0.196

−0.600 to 0.209

0.337

9-month

1.605 (0.155, 1.296 to 1.914)

1.652 (0.129, 1.395 to 1.909)

−0.091

−0.540 to 0.359

0.689

 IL-6

Baseline

0.242 (0.191, −0.139 to 0.623)

0.264 (0.159, −0.053 to 0.58)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

0.248 (0.191, −0.132 to 0.629)

0.27 (0.174, −0.077 to 0.617)

0

−0.548 to 0.547

1.000

9-month

0.291 (0.203, −0.113 to 0.695)

0.556 (0.168, 0.222 to 0.891)

−0.244

−0.832 to 0.344

0.411

 BDNF

Baseline

7.821 (0.307, 7.2 to 8.442)

7.828 (0.271, 7.282 to 8.375)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

6.938 (0.314, 6.305 to 7.57)

7.243 (0.264, 6.708 to 7.778)

−0.298

−1.027 to 0.431

0.412

9-month

6.844 (0.338, 6.164 to 7.523)

6.962 (0.3, 6.358 to 7.565)

−0.111

−0.892 to 0.670

0.778

 Cortisol

Baseline

−1.217 (0.086, −1.388 to −1.045)

−1.163 (0.074, −1.31 to −1.015)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

−1.164 (0.086, −1.335 to −0.993)

−0.973 (0.083, −1.137 to −0.808)

−0.137

−0.403 to 0.129

0.305

9-month

−1.085 (0.093, −1.27 to −0.9)

−1.019 (0.08, −1.179 to −0.859)

−0.011

−0.289 to 0.265

0.933

 DHEA-S

Baseline

2.335 (0.049, 2.235 to 2.434)

2.347 (0.043, 2.26 to 2.435)

Reference

Reference

Reference

3-month

2.371 (0.049, 2.271 to 2.47)

2.383 (0.043, 2.296 to 2.47)

0

−0.113 to 0.114

0.996

9-month

2.406 (0.053, 2.299 to 2.512)

2.395 (0.043, 2.308 to 2.483)

0.023

−0.110 to 0.156

0.733

  1. Covariates controlled for in the linear-mixed model included the baseline values of the respective outcome variable, age, sex, years of formal education, time-points of the intervention, treatment arm, time-points, and treatment arm interaction term.
  2. Hs-CRP high-sensitivity-c-reactive protein, IL interleukin, BDNF brain-derived neurotrophic factor, DHEA-S dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate.
  3. *indicates P-value < 0.05.
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