Table 3 Subgroup analyses of sedentary behavior and depression risk.
From: Sedentary behaviors and risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective studies
Stratification group | Number of studies | Relative risk | 95% confidence interval | Heterogeneity test | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Q | I2 (%) | P value | P for interaction | ||||
Sedentary behavior | |||||||
Using a computer | 5 | 1.01 | (0.86, 1.17) | 11.45 | 56.3 | 0.043 | 0.326 |
Watching television | 6 | 1.18 | (1.07, 1.30) | 17.89 | 72.0 | 0.003 | |
Mentally active | 7 | 0.98 | (0.83, 1.15) | 17.59 | 65.9 | 0.007 | 0.315 |
Mentally passive | 8 | 1.17 | (1.08, 1.27) | 17.95 | 61.0 | 0.012 | |
Sex | |||||||
Men | 3 | 0.97 | (0.85, 1.11) | 1.76 | 0.00 | 0.414 | 0.197 |
Women | 5 | 1.14 | (0.96, 1.34) | 2.57 | 0.00 | 0.632 | |
Combined | 7 | 1.15 | (1.05, 1.27) | 21.19 | 71.7 | 0.002 | |
Depression definition | |||||||
Physician diagnosis | 2 | 1.08 | (1.03, 1.14) | 0.43 | 0.00 | 0.513 | 0.740 |
Prime-MD screening | 2 | 0.98 | (0.81, 1.20) | 0.25 | 0.00 | 0.616 | |
CES-D criteria | 4 | 1.12 | (0.94, 1.34) | 13.13 | 77.2 | 0.004 | |
Other criteria | 4 | 1.09 | (0.85, 1.40) | 10.92 | 72.5 | 0.012 | |
Baseline depression | |||||||
Excluded | 8 | 1.15 | (1.05, 1.27) | 14.07 | 50.2 | 0.050 | 0.665 |
Adjusted | 3 | 0.93 | (0.83, 1.05) | 0.44 | 0.00 | 0.803 | |
Covariates adjusted | |||||||
Smoking | |||||||
Adjusted | 6 | 1.12 | (1.05, 1.20) | 12.73 | 60.7 | 0.026 | 0.897 |
Not adjusted | 6 | 1.10 | (0.90, 1.33) | 12.48 | 59.9 | 0.029 | |
Body mass index | |||||||
Adjusted | 6 | 1.06 | (0.93, 1.22) | 21.97 | 77.2 | 0.001 | 0.470 |
Not adjusted | 6 | 1.12 | (1.03, 1.21) | 6.50 | 23.1 | 0.261 | |
Alcohol | |||||||
Adjusted | 4 | 1.13 | (0.97, 1.31) | 12.40 | 75.8 | 0.006 | 0.812 |
Not adjusted | 8 | 1.10 | (1.00, 1.21) | 13.10 | 46.5 | 0.070 | |
Physical activity | |||||||
Adjusted | 4 | 1.03 | (0.90, 1.18) | 12.27 | 75.5 | 0.007 | 0.195 |
Not adjusted | 8 | 1.17 | (1.05, 1.30) | 15.17 | 53.8 | 0.034 | |
