Fig. 1: Flowchart of the whole study design.

We first performed the within-cohort classification to extract shared and distinct FCs between ADHDchild and ADHDadult, and then the correlation between ADHD symptoms and the identified FC patterns were further calculated. Moreover, to investigate the stability/continuity in diagnosing of ADHD from childhood to adulthood, a cross-cohort prediction using the identified FCs in discovery cohort were performed. ADHD attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, HC healthy control.