Table 1 Characteristics of adult NHANES 2005–2012 participants with PHQ-9 data (N = 19,361) (Table does not include imputed data).

Education^a

 <9th grade

7.94–11.38

5.44

4.78–6.10

 9–11th grade

17.27–22.14

11.28

10.08–12.48

 High school diploma/GED

24.25–30.12

23.08

21.85–24.30

 Some College/AA degree

28.87–35.08

31.00

29.81–32.20

 ≥College graduate

8.45–14.51

29.21

27.04–31.37

 Female

61.58–66.55

50.21

49.47–50.96

 Male

33.45–38.42

49.79

49.04–50.53

 20–39 years

32.20–37.34

36.92

35.08–38.75

 40–64 years

52.36–57.44

45.26

43.84–46.67

 ≥65 years

8.79–11.87

17.83

16.67–18.99

Race/ethnicity^a

 Mexican American

5.82–10.91

7.96

6.36–9.56

 Other Hispanic

5.15–10.74

4.61

3.52–5.71

 Non-Hispanic White

57.85–68.87

70.72

67.42–74.01

 Non-Hispanic Black

12.02–18.13

10.67

8.93–12.42

 Other

3.92–6.60

6.04

5.16–6.91

Healthcare place^a

84.51–89.20

85.76

84.85–86.67

Antidepressant or anxiolytic use^a

33.15–40.47

11.06

10.34–11.77

Quartile creatine intake^a

 1st

23.92–31.84

20.42

19.25–21.59

 2nd

24.37–31.35

26.09

25.16–27.02

 3rd

21.33–27.56

27.47

26.44–28.51

 4th

17.00–22.62

26.01

24.89–27.14

Smoking status^a

 Current smoker

37.79–44.48

20.14

19.04–21.25

 Former smoker

17.34–23.46

25.23

24.03–26.43

 Never smoker

34.63–42.30

54.63

53.15–56.11

SD

Mean

SD

BMI^b

7.97

28.62

6.56

Family income to poverty ratio^b

1.56

3.11

1.62

Average creatine intake^b, g

0.33

0.54

0.35

Total moderate-to-vigorous minutes of physical activity per week

851.98

627.46

952.91