Table 2 Independent correlates of depression, anxiety, and combined depression and anxiety in older patients with psychiatric disorder.

From: The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms and their associations with quality of life among clinically stable older patients with psychiatric disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic

Variable

Depressiona

Anxietya

Combined depression and anxietya

P

OR

95%CI

P

OR

95%CI

P

OR

95%CI

Rural area

0.18

1.29

0.88–1.89

0.27

1.20

0.86–1.68

0.08

1.36

0.95–1.93

Having severe physical diseases

0.20

1.35

0.85–2.15

0.02

1.57

1.05–2.35

0.05

1.49

0.98–2.26

Poor treatment adherenceb

0.20

1.25

0.88–1.78

<0.01

1.50

1.11–2.03

0.02

1.42

1.03–1.95

Difficulty attending psychiatric hospitalb

0.08

1.38

0.95–1.99

0.08

1.33

0.96–1.84

0.06

1.37

0.97–1.91

Primary psychiatric diagnoses

         

 Major depressive disorder

Ref.

—

—

Ref.

—

—

Ref.

—

—

 Schizophrenia

0.88

0.95

0.51–1.77

0.19

0.67

0.37–1.22

0.04

0.50

0.26–0.97

 Organic mental disorder

0.12

0.57

0.28–1.16

0.44

0.78

0.41–1.47

0.23

0.66

0.34–1.29

 Othersc

<0.01

0.50

0.35–0.71

0.06

0.74

0.54–1.01

<0.01

0.53

0.38–0.73

Education years

0.67

0.99

0.94–1.03

0.25

0.97

0.93–1.01

0.61

0.98

0.94–1.03

ISI total score

<0.01

1.29

1.24–1.34

<0.01

1.15

1.12–1.18

<0.01

1.19

1.16–1.23

Pain score

<0.01

1.14

1.03–1.25

<0.01

1.11

1.02–1.20

<0.01

1.15

1.06–1.25

  1. Values in bold indicate <0.05.
  2. CI confidential interval, COVID-19 Coronavirus Disease 2019, ISI Insomnia Severity Index, OR odds ratio, Ref. reference group.
  3. aResidences were controlled as covariate.
  4. bObservation period was during the COVID-19 outbreak.
  5. cOnly psychiatric diagnoses with the percentage of >5% are presented separately; those with percentage of <5% were included in “others”.
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